Saturday 31 August 2013

Delhi gang rape: Verdict due in juvenile case


Protest in Delhi
The gang rape led to widespread protests across India demanding government action

An Indian juvenile court is expected to deliver its verdict in the case of a teenager accused of taking part with a group of adults in the fatal gang rape of a woman on a Delhi bus.

He is charged with rape, murder, destroying evidence, and other crimes carried out while aged 17.

The teenager, who cannot be named, faces up to three years in a reform facility if convicted.

He has denied the charges, as have four men also on trial for the attack.

They face the death penalty. A fifth adult defendant was found dead in his cell in March and prison officials said they believed he hanged himself.

The gang rape of the 23-year-old woman last December caused uproar across India and triggered a national debate about the treatment of women.

The verdict in the case of the teenager - now aged 18 - has been deferred several times before.


He was six months short of becoming an adult at the time of the crime and many, including the family of the victim, have demanded that he should be treated as an adult and face the death penalty for his alleged crime.

Meanwhile, a special fast-track court dealing with the trial of the four men accused in the case has been hearing closing arguments.

A judge who has been hearing the case since the trial began in February is expected deliver his verdicts in mid-September.

In March, India passed a new bill containing harsher punishments, including the death penalty, for rapists.

Correspondents say the court hearings are being closely followed in India.

The victim, a physiotherapy student who also cannot be named for legal reasons, was with a male friend when she was attacked on a bus and thrown from the vehicle.

Nelson Mandela hospital release reports 'incorrect'


Nelson Mandela - photo 2005Mr Mandela has been in hospital since 8 June

Reports that former South African President Nelson Mandela has been discharged from hospital are incorrect, South Africa's presidency says.

The BBC and other news outlets reported earlier that Mr Mandela had returned to his Johannesburg home.

The presidency said in a statement that Mr Mandela was critical but stable but at times his condition became unstable prompting medical intervention.

The 95-year-old was admitted with a recurring lung infection on 8 June.

The country's first black president, Mr Mandela is revered by many as the father of the nation.

His prolonged hospital stay has caused concern both in South Africa and abroad.

The infection is said to date back to a period of nearly three decades he spent in prison for anti-apartheid activity.

People from South Africa and around the world have sent him their best wishes, and flowers and other tributes have collected outside Pretoria's MediClinic Heart Hospital.

Throughout Mr Mandela's stay in hospital, President Jacob Zuma has urged the country to pray for him and keep him in their thoughts.


Thursday 29 August 2013

Apply for passports on time, immigration urges Lagosians

AUGUST 30, 2013 BY SHARON OREMICHEN

The Nigerian Immigration Service, Lagos State Command, has urged Lagosians to apply for their passports early in order to reduce delay in passport issuance.

Deputy Controller Immigration, Joshua Ajisafe, gave the advice while addressing some applicants at the Passport Office, Alausa on Wednesday.

He said the inauguration of the new office was a sign that the service had the interest of Nigerians at heart. He said other measures had also been put in place to reduce delay in passport processing.

He said, “The NIS  has been looking inward to fast track the issuance of passports beyond the usual three to seven days. We will be working hard to ensure that applicants can get their passports within 24hours or even less.

“Competent members of staff have been put in difficult sections, such as the vetting section, which might slow down the process.

“We are working hard and we expect applicants to however apply early and maintain orderliness for this to be possible.”

Ajisafe said issues of fraud and extortion by officers could be reported to the complaint desk. He said his office would be open to applicants with such reports.

He said, “When issues of extortion arise, applicants should feel free to report such cases to the complaint desk. If not satisfied, my office is wide open. We do not want any form of corruption.”

He said the passport office had handled some cases of identity fraud, adding that the suspects had been transferred to the Lagos State Police Command for more investigation.

He warned applicants to be truthful with their data.


Anambra: PDP suspends Andy, Chris Uba, others



Uba

The National Working Committee of the Peoples Democratic Party on Thursday suspended Senator Andy Uba and his brother, Chris from the party.

Also suspended are Ejike Oguebego, Chief Benji Udeozor and  Mrs. Tonia Nwankwu.

The five men were accused of conducting a parallel state congress for the nomination of governorship candidate in Anambra State on Saturday.

A letter announcing the suspension of the Uba brothers and others had been sent to the affected party chiefs by the acting National Secretary, Dr. Charles Akintoye.

The acting secretary was  directed to write them on their current status having snubbed the NWC which invited them to explain the role they played at the parallel congress.

The letter, dated August 29, read in part,  “The NWC at its 353rd meeting held on Wednesday,  28th August,  2013 reviewed the happenings in Anambra PDP regarding the Anambra Primary election.

“It was noted that you organised a parallel state congress which was unauthorised by the party contrary to section 58 (1) a, b, c, f, h and j of the PDP constitution (2012 as amended).

“As a result of this, you were invited to meet with the NWC on Wednesday 28, August,  2013 for fair hearing,  but you did not appear.

“In view of the seriousness of the issues involved,  you are hereby suspended from the party and the case referred to the appropriate Disciplinary Committee for further necessary action.”

However, sources close to the affected party officers said that the affected party chieftains have obtained a Court order stopping the party from taking and disciplinary action against them but the party had served them with the decision before they got the court order.

Reacting to the suspension, Chris Uba, expressed surprise at his suspension, adding that there was no reason for the action taken by the PDP.

He said, “I was surprised to hear that I have been suspended. I want us to respect democracy and the rule of law. We must protect the rule of law and the judiciary.

“Why the rush in suspending me and the five others? There were more than a million PDP members at the congress. They should have suspended all of us.”

Also, Andy said he had not been served with the suspension from the party and because of that, he would not react to it.

Meanwhile, the Inspector-General of Police, Mohammed Abubakar, has assured participants at the National Convention of the PDP and FCT residents  that the police would provide water-tight security during the party’s convention taking place  on Saturday at the Eagle Square, Abuja.

Consequently, the IG had issued an Operational Order directing the FCT Commissioner of Police, FCT, Femi Ogunbayode, to ensure a tactical and well coordinated deployment of personnel and other operational equipment in order to provide a safe and conducive atmosphere for the convention.

Drop 2015 ambition, Nwabueze urges Jonathan



President Goodluck Jonathan

The Patriots, a group of eminent Nigerians, on Thursday met with President Goodluck Jonathan on the state of the nation.

It was gathered that at  the meeting which was  held behind closed doors in the President’s office in Abuja, the  group, led by a Senior Advocate of Nigeria, Prof. Ben Nwabueze, renewed  its call for the convocation of a national conference.

A  13-page memorandum  covering issues such as the need for a people’s constitution, the expansion of the agenda for national transformation to include economic emancipation as well as good governance, was presented by The Patriots to the President.

Nwabueze, who took over the leadership of the group from the first Nigerian SAN, the late Chief Rotimi Williams, told State House correspondents after the meeting  that Jonathan  must  shun the urge to seek reelection  in 2015 and concentrate on his transformation agenda.

The legal icon insisted that it  was  practically impossible for the President  to combine efforts aimed at national transformation with contesting election.

He said although the President was eligible to contest in 2015, he could become an instant national hero if he summoned  enough courage not to  do so.

Nwabueze said, “That is not the purpose of our meeting today(Thursday),but that is my  view and I still maintain that view. I still believe that the problem of this country is national transformation;that you cannot combine national transformation with contesting election.

“The two are so different because once you get involved in electioneering, you undermine your authority to lead the nation for national transformation and I said if I were the President,  I would restrict myself  to serving the nation,   transforming this country and  creating a new Nigeria.   These  would be my concern and I would go down in history as a hero.

“So, if Mr. President does that, he would become an instant hero in  this country;  but it is for him to choose. If I were him, I would choose to become a hero to lead the country into transformation and abandon the ambition of a second term. That is what I said and I still stand by it and that is what I would do if I were the President of this  country, but unfortunately, I’m not.”

On Jonathan’s eligibility to participate in the election, he said, “That is not an issue. Mr. President is eligible, nobody is questioning his eligibility, the President is eligible. What makes him ineligible? Nothing, he is eligible, that is a personal decision for him to take.”

On the purpose of the meeting, Nwabueze said he and members of  the group  told the President that the nation was in dire need of transformation.

He said The Patriots  position was that the desired transformation could only be achieved through a national conference of the about 389 ethnic nationalities in the country.

Nwabueze said the conference which should be used to discuss how Nigerians could live together in peace and unity must hold before the 2015 general elections.

While arguing that the 1999 Constitution is a schedule to Decree 24, the legal luminary said the constitution would disappear once the decree is repealed.

He said, “If you read Section 1(1) of the decree, they are all preambles to that Decree and the 1999 Constitution that you are talking about is a schedule to Decree 24.

“Repeal the decree and the constitution will disappear and you enact a brand new constitution which would derive its authorities from the people, that was what was done in 1963, when we adopted the Republican Constitution to replace the Independent Constitution.

“That 1960 Constitution was also a schedule to British Order-In -Council just as the 1999  Constitution isa schedule to the Decree 24. In 1963, we abolished the schedule under Section 2 of the Order-in-Council and made a new Constitution called the Republican constitution. That is what we should do now, abolish the schedule and relieve yourself entirely free to make the people’s constitution.”

Reacting to The Patriots’ call   for a national conference, the  President  said  his administration had no objection to Nigerians coming together to discuss how they  would  continue to live together in peace and unity.

 Jonathan, in a statement by his spokesman, Dr. Reuben Abati,   said although he believed that the issue of Nigerians coming together to discuss their future  was not  out of place, he was constrained by the fact that the constitution had  given that responsibility to the National Assembly.

The President told the group that there had  been constant discussions within government on how to create an acceptable and workable platform for a national dialogue that  would  reinforce the ties that bind the country’s many ethnic nationalities and ensure that  their   diversity continued to be a source of strength and greatness.

“The limitation we have is that the constitution appears to have given that responsibility to the National Assembly. I have also been discussing the matter with the leadership of the National Assembly. We want a situation where everyone will key into the process and agree on the way forward,” he said.

He thanked The Patriots for acknowledging the Federal Government’s efforts to implement his administration’s agenda for national transformation.

“As a government, we are totally committed to transforming this country. Positive things are being done and by the grace of God, we will get to where we ought to be as a nation,” Jonathan added.

Taraba assembly to Suntai: Go back to US hospital



Taraba State Governor, Mr. Danbaba Suntai

Barely 24 hours after Governor Danbaba Suntai, addresed the people of Taraba State through a recorded video,  the state House of Assembly on Thursday  advised him to return to the hospital  in the United States where he was on admission for further treatment.

The assembly, in a statement by its Speaker, Haruna  Tsokwa, and 15 other  members, also reaffirmed Alhaji Garba Umar as the acting governor of the state.

The lawmakers   claimed  that  before Wednesday, all their  efforts  to meet with the recuperating governor, who arrived in Jalingo on Sunday from the  US,  were rebuffed by people close to him.

They  pointed out  that from the manner the governor spoke when they finally  met with him on Wednesday,  they  doubted  that he  authored the letter in which he informed them of his return and desire to resume work.

According to the lawmakers,  their advice to the governor  and the position on who was in charge of  governance in the state,  were  in the interest of the  people.

“Be that as it may, we the undersigned members of the state assembly have unanimously resolved in our meeting that the deputy governor, upon whom power was earlier transmitted by the State House of Assembly, still remains the Acting Governor of Taraba State and he will continue to act in that regard until such a time the governor is capable of administering the state,” they added in the  statement

“The leadership of the assembly made several efforts to see the governor since his arrival, but till Wednesday, they were not allowed access to him. The ailing governor spoke in a manner that brought more doubt to his letter purportedly transmitted to the speaker,”the lawmakers  said.

The other legislators that signed the statement are  Tsokwa’s deputy, Tanko Maikarfi; Chief Whip, Mohammed Gwampo; and  the Deputy Majority Leader, Josiah Kente.

Others are  the Deputy Chief Whip, Mohammed Umar; the Minority Leader, Ibrahim Imam;   the Minority Whip, Yahya AbdulRahman;    Iratsi Daki, Rashida Abdullahi, Aminu Umar, Emmanuel Dame, John Bonzena, Dr Abubakar Jugulde, Hamman  Abdullahi, Abdulkarim Mohammed and Edward Baraya.

But an aide to Suntai and former  Commissioner for Information in the state,  Emmanuel Bello, dismissed the claim by the legislators that  the governor was unfit to continue in office.

He told an online news portal, on the telephone that the lawmakers who signed the statement did so  according to “the figment of their imagination”.

  Bello, who said he still speaks for   Suntai, described the action of the lawmakers as “null and void,” saying “they do not have the constitutional power to determine whether somebody is sick.”

He said it was only “medical experts that have the power to determine the state of health of a person.”

“What yardsticks and parameters  did they use to say the governor is not fit?  These people visited the governor yesterday (Wednesday) and he recognised all of them by their faces and names;  it is totally unfair of them to turn around and say he is unfit to rule,” he added.

Bello, who claimed that Suntai could  “read, write and sign documents;” asked, “What is the standard of who a governor should be?”

“These people are not fair to his Excellency, and they are wicked. Taraba people are not with them, and even the Majority Leader of the House has disassociated himself from them. What they are doing is unconstitutional and a violation of  Nigerian laws,” he said.

 Bello also stated that as long as the lawmakers  did not subject the governor to medical checks, they had no reason to state that he was unfit for office.

“Have they subjected the governor to medical check? Can they give us a medical report? As far as the people of Taraba are concerned, the governor is not sick; he addressed them yesterday(Wednesday) and they are satisfied with his state of health,” he said.

Umar, in a statement by his Chief Press Secretary, Kefas Sule  insisted that he remained the acting governor of the state.

He described the dissolution of the state Executive Council as “a mere attempt by a cabal to hijack the machinery of government in the state and not a directive given by  Governor Danbaba Suntai.”

Umar therefore  advised members of the public to ignore the sack of the  Chief of Staff, the Secretary to the State Government, commissioners and  special advisers.

The statement reads , “His Excellency, the acting governor wishes to remind Tarabans that a moment like this calls for greater restraint and vigilance. To this end, the bankers of the Taraba State Government are reminded to note that all financial instruments relating to the state government’s account should be honored only if they are in tandem with the provisions of the law, in which case, must contain:

• A veritable signature of the executive governor of Taraba State, His Excellency, Governor Danbaba Suntai, or

• A veritable signature of the acting governor of Taraba State, His Excellency, Alhaji   Umar, acting for the executive governor.

“Members of the public should ignore yesterday’s (Wednesday) announcement of the purported dissolution of the state executive council and the appointment of a new SSG as well as CoS.”

But a  Senior Advocate of Nigeria,  Sebastine Hon,  also faulted the lawmakers and  asked  Suntai to  go about his lawful business of governing the state.

 Hon, a specialist in constitutional law, argued that the assembly had by its action shown the level of ignorance of  its leadership.

He asked, “Under what law, substantive and procedural, did the assembly bring out the so-called statement? It is settled law that the business of the legislature is done through resolutions and lawmaking and not through press statements.

“And even then, legislative business can only be lawfully done during plenary on the floor of the House and not in private or other premises.

Another  lawyer,  Mr Kayode Ajulo,  called on the Speaker of the state assembly to institute a  five-man medical team to examine the fitness of   Suntai.

He told the News Agency of Nigeria    in Abuja  on Thursday that the panel should include the personal physician to the governor.

Ajulo said, “The Speaker of the  assembly , Alhaji  Tsokwa, has the power under the 1999 Constitution   to set up a medical panel to ascertain the fitness of the governor.

“Section 189 (4a) and (4b) states that in a case where the governor is showing unfitness of sorts,  the Speaker  shall  constitute a  five-member medical panel to which  the ‘personal  physician of the governor must be a member,’’

It was gathered in Jalingo that with this   action of  the lawmakers, they might  commence impeachment moves against the governor.

Suntai was flown out of the country for urgent medical treatment following injuries he sustained in a plane crash in October 2012.The governor, shortly after his arrival, wrote to the 24-member  assembly informing it of    his  readiness to resume office.

The assembly, however, asked him to appear before it to enable it to decide on his request. Instead of accepting the invitation, Suntai dissolved the state executive council on Wednesday  and appointed a former  Commissioner for Justice, Mr. Timothy Kataps, as a  new Secretary to the State Government  and Alhaji Aminu Jika  as  Chief of Staff, Government House.

Meanwhile, the Police authorities   said on Thursday that  they were still studying the petition of Mr. Femi Falana (SAN) seeking a probe of the letter of intention to resume duty purportedly sent to the  assembly  by  Suntai.

Falana had on Tuesday given a three-day ultimatum to the Inspector-General of Police, Mr. Mohammed Abubakar, to probe  the letter  which he alleged might have been forged.

Force Public Relations Officer, Frank Mba, on Thursday confirmed to our correspondent via sms that the police had received Falana’s petition.

“Yes, we have received the petition. We are currently studying the petition,” Mba’s message read.


Mayhem in Seme border, Customs officer killed


Eyewitnesses said Joel was hit by a stray bullet while some customs officers were trying to apprehend a motorist who was smuggling a red Volkswagen bus from Benin Republic into Nigeria.

It was learnt that after the shooting, some residents took to the streets in protest. The residents were said to have alleged that customs officials had killed at least three motorists this month under the pretext that they were smugglers.

It was learnt that in the ensuing pandemonium, the customs officials stationed in the area fled. However, a Superintendent of Customs, identified as J. I Motojelu, was said to have been driving by at the time.

PUNCH Metro learnt that in retaliation, the angry mob, led by a community leader, dragged the officer out of his Toyota Corolla car marked ABJ 663 DW, and killed him.

It was learnt that the irate mob, also set the deceased officer’s vehicle ablaze and set up bonfires at the centre of the road.

The culprits were said to have used the opportunity to steal some items that had previously been seized by customs.

A police source said, “Motojelu, who knew nothing about the incident was beaten to death. The mob opened a customs patrol van stationed nearby and took a G3 rifle with 30 rounds of ammunition kept inside it. They then set the vehicle ablaze.”

Sources told our correspondent that some customs officials and policemen later returned to the scene and fired shots to disperse the mob.

Director, Lagos State Fire Service, Razaq Fadipe, said his men attempted to put out the fire but they had to retreat because of the sporadic gunshots in the area.

It was learnt that the victim had been rushed to a nearby hospital for treatment.

But the NCS Public Relations Officer, Seme Command, Ernest Olattah, said in a statement that the officer was killed while on his way to attend a meeting at the command.

He said, “We announce the gruesome killing of one of our senior officers by some smugglers in the Ashipa area of Seme around 9.50am on Thursday. The deceased officer, while in his official uniform, unarmed, and driving to the command’s headquarters for a routine meeting, was accosted by a mob who forced him out of his vehicle.

“Led by an identified chief of the community, the officer was murdered in cold blood, while his vehicle was set ablaze.”

The customs spokesman said efforts were on to apprehend the culprits adding that the customs had achieved many feats this year alone.

He said NCS operatives, due to their uncompromising stance against smuggling and the protection the nation’s economy, had come under series of attacks by smugglers and some unpatriotic elements that saw smuggling as their rights.

The PRO said, “Customs Area Controller of Seme Border, Othman Abdu Saleh, has in collaboration with sister government agencies including the police, commenced moves to bring the perpetrators of the heinous crime to book. The controller posits that this unfortunate incident will not deter operatives of the command under his watch from carrying out their lawful duties.

‘’This is indeed a sad day for us here in this command, but let me emphasised that we are not relenting in the discharge of our duty as we will not allow the darkness of criminality to dampen the light of our service to Nigeria.”

Lagos Police Public Relations Officer, Ngozi Braide, told our correspondent on the telephone that seven suspects had been arrested, adding that they would be transferred to the State Criminal Investigation Department, Yaba.

She said, “Joel is recuperating at Badagry General Hospital while the slain customs officer has been deposited at the mortuary.

Israel readies for possible Syrian attack

Tuesday 27.08.2013. Newsletter 

Scud-635x357

With U.S.-led military action in Syria potentially imminent, the Knesset Homefront Preparedness Subcommittee will hold a special meeting on Wednesday to examine the homefront’s readiness for a Syrian attack against Israel.

“The state’s duty is to be ready for any scenario,” MK Eli Yishai, the subcommittee chairman, said.

On Tuesday, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu called a surprise meeting of the security cabinet, apparently to discuss Syria, Army Radio reported.

Also on Tuesday, the Israel Defense Forces began a pre-planned two-day drill in the Golan Heights involving security and emergency forces. The IDF said area residents might hear the sounds of gunfire and explosions.

Syria crisis: David Cameron makes case for military action



damaged building
Syrian activists say a car bomb exploded in the Raqqa province earlier

Prime Minister David Cameron has put his case for action against Syria to British MPs, but conceded intelligence that the regime used chemical weapons was not "100% certain".

He told an emergency debate that UK intelligence chiefs believed it "highly likely" the Syrian government was responsible for the 21 August attack.

But he said MPs must make a judgement call ahead of a Commons vote.

The UK could launch strikes without UN backing according to legal advice.

Action would be a legal "humanitarian intervention" - even if it was vetoed at the UN, the government's summary of its legal advice said.

The five permanent members of the UN Security Council are meeting to discuss the crisis, diplomats told Reuters. Russia - Syria's main international ally - and China have blocked previous resolutions on the issue and analysts predict they will again.

Mr Cameron told MPs - who were recalled early from the summer recess to debate the issue - that they had to "make a judgement".

"In the end there is no 100% certainty about who is responsible," he said.

But he added he was convinced by evidence suggesting the regime was responsible, saying in his view it was "beyond doubt".

UK opposition leader Ed Miliband said Labour was not ruling out military intervention but there had to be a clear road-map to a decision.

Start Quote

All the main party leaders are clearly struggling to find positions that their own supporters can back.”

Deter future attacks

The Syrian government has denied it is behind the suspected chemical attack near Damascus last week, in which hundreds of people are reported to have died, blaming opposition forces.

US President Barack Obama has said he has not yet decided on a plan for action against Syria, and is due to give senior US Congress members a classified briefing on why the White House is certain Syria has used chemical weapons.

Mr Cameron told MPs that unless action was taken Damascus would conclude it could use such weapons again and again.

Other nations are also considering the next move.

UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon has called for patience and insists he will receive a report on Saturday from weapons inspectors investigating the alleged attack.

Analysis

The shadow of Iraq still hangs over the use of intelligence to justify military action. More than a decade on, we are presented with a very different document.

This time we get the conclusions and overall assessment but not the evidence that lies behind them.

And so while the government will hope the overall conclusion that it is "highly likely" the regime was responsible, there will still be ammunition for sceptics. They will say they need to see the evidence and not just assessments and judgements.

The language used is one of probability rather than certainty - that is partly the reality of intelligence assessment, but also suggests there is no single, conclusive piece of intelligence which sweeps away all doubt.

It also raises other questions which are not answered. What was the trigger for such a large use of chemical weapons when inspectors were in the country? Was it the result of an order from the top or could it have been a local commander's decision?

The intelligence is likely to inform the debate but it is not clear if it will change many minds.

Downing Street says parliament could be recalled again over the weekend if the inspectors' assessment is published.

A spokesman added the government believes there is a case for "surgical strikes" but that the Commons debate was not about "going to war".

Syrian President Bashar al-Assad has said his country will defend itself against any aggression.

The UK wants a UN Security Council resolution to take "all necessary measures" to help civilians, and presented a draft resolution to members on Wednesday.

However, Downing Street has since released a statement, based on formal legal advice by the attorney general Dominic Grieve, that states limited military strikes to deter future chemical weapons attacks would be in line with international law.

An assessment published by the Joint Intelligence Committee also argued it was "not possible for the opposition to have carried out a chemical weapons attack on this scale".

In its report, chairman Jon Day said it was "highly likely" the Assad regime was responsible.

Mr Cameron has said he believes there is "compelling" evidence from the intelligence services and from publicly available material, including YouTube videos of the atrocity, that the regime carried out the attack.

"It's not about taking sides in the conflict, it's not about invading, it's not about regime change or indeed working more closely with the opposition," he said.

"It's about the large-scale use of chemical weapons and our response to a war crime - nothing else."


But he warned: "Let's not pretend there is one smoking piece of intelligence that can solve the whole problem."

He also said he was "deeply mindful" of past conflicts and in particular "what went wrong with the Iraq conflict".

"But this is not like Iraq," he insisted. "What we are seeing in Syria is fundamentally different."

Start Quote

The government's note... has the feel of a position formed, in part, by hard lessons learnt in Iraq War - and it will divide top international lawyers”

The UK Parliament is due to vote on whether to back the principle of military intervention. But Mr Miliband has said MPs should not have to decide on what he called an "artificial timetable".

Speaking during the Commons debate, he insisted any military action should be based on the principle that "evidence should precede decision; not decision precede evidence".

"I do not rule out supporting the prime minister," Mr Miliband said. "But I believe he has to make a better case than he did today on this question."

In other developments:

  • Six RAF Typhoon jets have been deployed to Cyprus as a "prudent and precautionary measure" to protect the UK airbase at Akrotiri.
Anti-war protesters outside the Houses of Parliament on 29 AugustAnti-war protesters gathered outside Parliament ahead of the debate
1/7

The Speaker of the Syrian parliament has written to his counterpart in London inviting a British parliamentary delegation to visit Damascus as soon as possible.

French President Francois Hollande has also yet to decide about a military intervention. But on Thursday, after meeting Ahmed Jarba, the head of the opposition Syrian National Coalition, Mr Hollande said a political solution would only be possible if "the international community can put a temporary stop to this escalation in violence".

Elsewhere, a Chinese state-run newspaper has warned Western governments that there are no excuses for air strikes on Syria before the UN has completed its investigation.

And Russia, President Assad's main international ally, also says it opposes any foreign military intervention in Syria.

But in the event of any military action, BBC defence correspondent Caroline Wyatt said cruise missiles could be launched from US ships in the Gulf or the Mediterranean, or Royal Navy vessels including submarine HMS Tireless.

Forces which could be used against Syria
Map: Forces which could be used in strikes against Syria
  • Four US destroyers - USS Gravely, USS Ramage, USS Barry and USS Mahan are in the eastern Mediterranean, equipped with cruise missiles
  • Cruise missiles could also be launched from submarines, including a British Trafalgar class boat; HMS Tireless was reportedly sighted in Gibraltar at the weekend
  • Airbases at Incirlik and Izmir in Turkey, and in Jordan, could be used to carry out strikes
  • Two aircraft carriers - USS Nimitz and USS Harry S Truman, along with escort ships, are in the wider region
  • The Royal Navy's response force task group - which includes helicopter carrier HMS Illustrious and frigates HMS Montrose and HMS Westminster - is in the region on a scheduled deployment
  • RAF Akrotiri airbase in Cyprus could also be used
  • French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle is currently in Toulon in the western Mediterranean
  • French Raffale and Mirage aircraft can also operate from Al-Dhahra airbase in the UAE